2 常用基础命令介绍

\?
\l
\d
\d t1
\c dbname
\help
\help create user
\du
\x

postgres=# \?
General
  \copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
  \crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab
  \errverbose            show most recent error message at maximum verbosity
  \g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
  \gdesc                 describe result of query, without executing it
  \gexec                 execute query, then execute each value in its result
  \gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables
  \gx [FILE]             as \g, but forces expanded output mode
  \q                     quit psql
  \watch [SEC]           execute query every SEC seconds
...

postgres=# \h
Available help:
  ABORT                            ALTER ROLE                       CHECKPOINT                       CREATE OPERATOR                  CREATE USER                      DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW           DROP TRIGGER                     RESET
  ALTER AGGREGATE                  ALTER ROUTINE                    CLOSE                            CREATE OPERATOR CLASS            CREATE USER MAPPING              DROP OPERATOR                    DROP TYPE                        REVOKE

show databases;

\l

postgres=# \l
                                 List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------
 jam       | admin    | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
 pg1       | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres
(5 rows)

Use database

\c pg1
You are now connected to database "pg1" as user "postgres".
pg1=# \d
        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  |  Owner
--------+------+-------+----------
 public | t1   | table | postgres
(1 row)

pg1=# \dt
        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  |  Owner
--------+------+-------+----------
 public | t1   | table | postgres
(1 row)

pg1=# \d t1
                 Table "public.t1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 id     | integer |           |          |

pg1=# \dt t1
        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  |  Owner
--------+------+-------+----------
 public | t1   | table | postgres
(1 row)

pg1=# select * from pg_tables;
     schemaname     |        tablename        | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | rowsecurity
--------------------+-------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------
 public             | t1                      | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_statistic            | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_type                 | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f
 pg_catalog         | pg_foreign_server       | postgres   |            | t          | f        | f           | f

pg1=# select  * from pg_tables where schemaname != 'pg_catalog';
     schemaname     |        tablename        | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | rowsecurity
--------------------+-------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------
 public             | t1                      | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_packages            | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_features            | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_implementation_info | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_parts               | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_languages           | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_sizing              | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
 information_schema | sql_sizing_profiles     | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f

pg1=# select  * from pg_tables where schemaname not in ('pg_catalog','information_schema');
 schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | rowsecurity
------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------
 public     | t1        | postgres   |            | f          | f        | f           | f
(1 row)

pg1=# \x
Expanded display is on.
pg1=# select  * from pg_tables where schemaname not in ('pg_catalog','information_schema');
-[ RECORD 1 ]---------
schemaname  | public
tablename   | t1
tableowner  | postgres
tablespace  |
hasindexes  | f
hasrules    | f
hastriggers | f
rowsecurity | f